Under
dictator Kim Jong-Un's oppressive rule, North Koreans can be executed for more
than 20 different crimes, many of them ambiguous, without a fair trial.
The list
emerged in the wake of the brutal murder of the country's defence minister for
falling asleep during military meetings and answering back to Kim.
Hyon
Yong-Chol, 66, who was named head of North Korea's military in 2012, was
reported to have been executed in front of hundreds of bloodthirsty officials
at a military camp in the capital Pyongyang on April 30.
South
Korea's National Intelligence Agency told politicians that Hyon was killed by
an anti-aircraft gun at Kang Kon Military Academy - a method cited in various
unconfirmed reports as being reserved for senior officials who the leadership
wishes to make examples of. Hyon is understood to have been arrested late last
month and executed three days later without legal proceedings.
Thousands of
executions have been carried out in North Korea since the 1950s, with the
largest numbers in the 1990s and 2000s, according to the International
Federation for Human Rights (FIDH). The
organisation, which represents more than 150 human rights across five continents,
produced the list of crimes in a report after meeting with North Korean
witnesses.
Michelle
Kissenkoetter, director of the FIDH Asia desk, told MailOnline:
'Many of the crimes that are punishable by
death are very ambiguous. It's not very clear what can have you committed to
execution. That lack of clarity is extremely concerning. The judicial system in
North Korea is not transparent. Even if you are accused of a crime you are not
given a fair trial.'
The crimes
are:
·
Plots
against National Sovereignty (discretionary)
·
Terrorism
(discretionary)
·
Treason
(discretionary)
·
Damage
or destruction (discretionary)
·
Perfidy
against the People (discretionary)
·
Intentional
murder (discretionary)
·
Extremely
grave crime of deliberate damage or destruction of resources reserved for
purposes of combat and military facilities (mandatory)
·
Extremely
grave crime of seizing state property (mandatory)
·
Extremely
grave crime of the deliberate damage or destruction of state property
(mandatory)
·
Extremely
grave crime of currency counterfeiting (mandatory)
·
Extremely
grave crime of smuggling and introducing jewels and coloured metal onto the
black market (mandatory)
·
Crime
of illicitly selling the state's resources (discretionary)
·
Extremely
grave crime of smuggling and introducing narcotics onto the black market
(mandatory)
·
Extraordinarily
grave act of delinquency (discretionary)
·
Crime
of illegal business operations (discretionary)
·
Extremely
grave crime of deliberately inflicting aggravated bodily injuries
(discretionary)
·
Extremely
grave crime of kidnapping (mandatory)
·
Extraordinarily
grave crime of rape (discretionary)
·
Extremely
grave crime of theft of private property (mandatory)
·
Extraordinarily
grave crime of escape from prison (discretionary)
Crimes punishable by lifetime reform
through labour or death penalty in exceptional circumstances (discretionary)
Circulation of forex punishable by
execution
Execution by gun squad for divulging
classified information via cell phone
The crimes
punishable by death are split into two categories. At least nine are guaranteed
to result in execution, including kidnapping, seizing state property and theft
of private property. The punishment for making counterfeit money, illicitly
selling the state's resources and escaping from prison are discretionary.
Since Kim
Jong-Un rose to power in 2011, he has reportedly purged more than 70 officials.
While he usually opts for firing squads using machine guns, there have been
reports of officials being killed using mortar rounds at close range.
It was
initially reported he had his uncle, Jang Song Thaek, eaten alive by a pack of
starving dogs, although it's now believed he was executed by a firing squad.
Kim had described his 67-year-old uncle – who was married to his father's
sister – as a traitor, a womaniser and a 'despicable human scum'.
It has also
been alleged he ordered his own aunt, Kim Kyong Hui, Jang's wife, be poisoned.
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